Annex A. Tables

Conversion Table for Diffusion Resistance Units.

	Pa ∙ m2 s/kg	PAM = mmHg m2 h/g	s/m	w. Equivalent Air-Layer Thickness	inHg ft² h/grain
1 GPa s m²/kg	109	2.08	7,390	0.18	0.057
1 PAM = 1 mmHg m²h/g	4.80 · 108	1	3,550	0.087	0.027
1 s/m	135,000	281,000	1	2.4 · 10-5	7.73 · 10-6
1 m equiv. air-layer thickness	5.5 · 10-9	11.5	41,000	1	0.32
1inHg ft² h/grain	17.5 · 109	36.5	129,000	3.2	1

Table 22. Conversion Factors for Transport Coefficients for Water Vapour Transport.

*Water Vapour Permeability (δ)*
Output Unit	End Unit with Conversion Factor
1 kg/(m s Pa)	= 1.35 ∙ 105 m²/s
1 m²/s	= 7.407 ∙ 10-6 kg/(m s Pa)
1 g/(m h Pa)	= 2.78 ∙ 10-7 kg/(m s Pa)
1 g/(m h mmHg)	= 2.083 ∙ 10-9 kg/(m s Pa)
1 g/(m h mmH2O)	= 2.831 ∙ 10-8 kg/(m s Pa)
1 g m/(MN s)	= 1.0 ∙ 10-9 kg/(m s Pa)
1 lb in/(ft2 h inHg)	= 1.015 ∙ 10-8 kg/(m s Pa)
1 grain in/(ft2 h inHg)	= 7.105 ∙ 10-5 kg/(m s Pa)
1 lb/(fth in Hg)	= 1.218 ∙ 10-7 kg/(m s Pa)
*Water Vapour Diffusion Resistance (Z)*
1 m2 s Pa/kg	= 7.407 ∙ 10-6 s/m
1 s/m	= 1.35 ∙ 105 m2 s Pa/kg
1 m2 h Pa/g	= 3.6 ∙ 106 m2 s Pa/kg
1 m2 h mmHg/g	= 4.799 ∙ 108 m2 s Pa/kg
1 m2 h mmH2O/g	= 3.532 ∙ 107 m2 s Pa/kg
1 PAM	= 4.799 ∙ 108 m2 s Pa/kg
1 MN s/g	= 1.0 ∙ 109 m2 s Pa/kg
1 ft2-h inHg/grain	= 1.75 ∙ 1010 m2 s Pa/kg
1 GPa s m2/kg	= 1.0 ∙ 106 m2 s Pa/kg
*Water Vapour Permeance (W)*
1 kg/(m2 s Pa)	= 1.35 ∙ 105 m/s
1 m/s	= 7.407 ∙ 10-6 kg/(m2 s Pa)
1 g/(m2 h Pa)	= 0.278 ∙ 10-6 kg/(m2 s Pa)
1 g/(m2 h mmHg)	= 2.083 ∙ 10-9 kg/(m2 s Pa)
1 g/(m2 h mmH2O)	= 2.83 ∙ 10-8 kg/(m2 s Pa)
1 grain/(ft2 h inHg)	= 5.71 ∙ 10-11 kg/(m2 s Pa)
1 Perm	= 5.71 ∙ 10-11 kg/(m2 s Pa)

Table 23. Vapour Pressure Table (Saturated Vapour).

Temperature °C	Water Vapour Content g/m3	Vapour Pressure Pa	Temperature °C	Water Vapour Content g/m3	Vapour Pressure Pa
-20	0.886	103.5	31	32.00	4492
-19	0.971	113.9	32	33.76	4755
-18	1.063	125.2	33	35.60	5030
-17	1.163	137.5	34	37.52	5319
-16	1.271	150.9	35	39.54	5623
-15	1.389	165.5	36	41.64	5941
-14	1.518	181.5	37	43.84	6275
-13	1.655	198.7	38	46.14	6625
-12	1.805	217.6	39	48.53	6992
-11	1.967	238.0	40	51.04	7376
-10	2.141	260.0	41	53.65	7778
-9	2.330	284.1	42	56.37	8199
-8	2.534	310.1	43	59.21	8639
-7	2.753	338.2	44	62.18	9101
-6	2.990	368.6	45	65.26	9583
-5	3.246	401.7	46	68.48	10086
-4	3.520	437.3	47	71.82	10612
-3	3.815	475.7	48	75.29	11160
-2	4.134	517.3	49	78.93	11735
-1	4.476	562.2	50	82.70	12334
0	4.843	610.5	51	86.62	12959
1	5.190	656.7	52	90.70	13611
2	5.558	705.8	53	94.95	14292
3	5.947	757.9	54	99.35	15000
4	6.359	813.4	55	103.9	15737
5	6.795	872.3	56	108.7	16505
6	7.257	935.0	57	113.6	17308
7	7.747	1002	58	118.7	18143
8	8.266	1073	59	124.0	19012
9	8.814	1148	60	129.5	19916
10	9.396	1228	61	135.2	20856
11	10.01	1312	62	141.2	21834
12	10.66	1402	63	147.3	22849
13	11.34	1497	64	153.6	23906
14	12.06	1598	65	160.2	25003
15	12.82	1705	66	167.0	26143
16	13.62	1818	67	174.1	27326
17	14.47	1937	68	181.4	28554
18	15.36	2063	69	188.9	29828
19	16.29	2197	70	196.7	31157
20	17.28	2338	71	204.7	32517
21	18.32	2487	72	213.1	33944
22	19.41	2643	73	221.7	35424
23	20.55	2809	74	230.7	36957
24	21.75	2983	75	239.9	38543
25	23.02	3167	76	249.4	40183
26	24.34	3361	77	259.1	41877
27	25.73	3565	78	269.3	43636
28	27.19	3780	79	279.7	45463
29	28.72	4005	80	290.5	47343
30	30.33	4243

Table 24. Conversion Table for Pressure Units.

Pressure Unit	mmHg	mmVS (kg/m2)	Pa	mBar
1 mmHg	1	13.6	133	1.33
1 mmVS (1 kg/m2)	7.36∙ 10-2	1	9.81	98.1∙ 10-3
1 N/m2	7.5∙ 10-3	0.102	1	10∙ 10-3
1 mBar	0.750	10.2	100	1

Table 25. Thermal Conductivity of Building Materials.
Source: DS 418, 5th ed. (Danish Society of Engineers, 1986 *) and 7th ed. (Danish Standard, 2011).

Material	Density	Practical Thermal Conductivity
	(kg/m3)	W/m K
Cork *	75	0.04
	300	0.06
Foamed glass *	120	0.05
	200	0.077
Cement-bonded wood wool *	250	0.082
	450	0.10
Straw sheets *	300	0.093
	400	0.12
Fibre and chipboard	300	0.10
	900	0.18
Wood	450	0.12
	700	0.18
Interior brickwork, clay tiles	800	0.3
	1400	0.48
	2000	0.71
Exterior brickwork, clay tiles	1000	0.41
	1500	0.58
	2000	0.84
Interior brickwork, sand-lime brick	1800	1.07
Exterior brickwork, sand-lime brick	1800	1.23
Cellular concrete, bonded sheeting, or blocks, interior	300	0.08
	600	0.17
	900	0.25
Cellular concrete, bonded sheeting, or blocks, exterior	600	0.185
Cellular concrete, block brickwork, interior	600	0.22
Cellular concrete, block brickwork, exterior	600	0.24
Lightweight aggregate concrete, basement walls	600	0.28
Lightweight aggregate concrete, brickwork	700	0.37
Fibre-cement/gypsum *	600	0.15
	1200	0.26
	1800	0.45
Mortar/concrete	1000	0.3
	1700	0.85
	2400	2.2

Table 26. Thermal Insulance Factors for Vented Cavities.
The insulance factors apply to combined facing and air layer/cavity/loft space.
Source: DS 418, 5th ed. (Danish Society of Engineers, 1986 *) and 7th ed. (Danish Standard, 2011).

Exterior, Vented Facing	Insulance Factor m2K/W
Facade Cladding + Vented Cavity
Steel or metal sheet *	0.1
Fibre-cement sheet, approx. 10 mm *	0.2
Facing wall of brick, sand-lime brick, or aerated concrete blocks, approx. 100 mm *	0.3
Wooden cladding, approx. 25 mm *	0.3
Roof Covering + Vented Loft Space or Cavity
Steel or metal sheet	0.1
Fibre-cement slate or corrugated sheets on battens	0.2
Roof tiles with mortared joints on battens	0.2
Roof tiles on battens with windproof underlay	0.3
Bituminous felt on timber substrate, approx. 25 mm	0.3
Thatched roof with windproof underlay	0.3

Table 27. Insulating Power in % by Sorption (After Carsten Rode Lecture Note 1998).

Moisture Content Vol. %	Mineral Wool	Expanded Polystyrene	Extruded Polystyrene	Polyurethane (PUR)
		(EPS)	(XPS)
0	100	100	100	100
1	96	96	98	94
2	92	92	95	89
3	89	89	93	84
4	85	85	90	79
5	82	82	88	74
6	79	79	86	70
7	76	76	84	66
8	73	73	82	62
9	70	70	80	58
10	67			55
11	64			52
12	62			49
13	59			46
14	57			43

Table 28. Vapour Permeability of Building Materials.

Building Materials	Vapour Permeability mg/m s Pa
Still air	0.2
Mineral wool, light	0.2
Lightweight aggregate concrete	0.1
Mineral wool, heavy	0.067
Cellular concrete	0.067
Plasterboard	0.26
Lime mortar	0.02
Brick	0.02
Sand-lime brick	0,01
KC mortar	0,01
Wood-fibre sheet, semi-hard	0.01
Wood-fibre sheet, bitumen-impregnated	0.0087
Chipboard	0.0052
Foamed plastic, polystyrene	0.004
Fibre-cement sheet	0.0033
Wood-fibre sheet, hard	0.0023
Concrete	0.002
Wood	0.002

Table 29. Diffusion Resistance of Building Materials.

Building Material	Diffusion Resistance (Z-value)
	GPa m² s/kg
Floor felt	0.1
Carpet with latex backing	1
Linoleum	25
Vinyl flooring	100
Polyethylene foil (0.2 mm)	500
Moisture-adaptive vapour barriers	20–200
‘System’ Vapour barriers	20
Polyvinylidene vapour barrier, 2 coats	250
Bituminous felt	500
Special membranes	5000
Paint and Similar Materials
White-wash	0.5
Oil emulsion paint	0.5
Cement powder paint	0.5
Silicate paint	1
Synthetic rubber facade paint	1
Latex paint	2.5
Alkyd oil paint	15
Chlorinated rubber coating	50
Polyurethane varnish	50
Wind-Barrier Materials
Light bitumen felt (wind-barrier felt)	3–8
3 mm wood-fibre sheet	1–3
6 mm bitumen-impregnated wood-fibre sheet	1–3
9 mm carton-coated wind-resistant plasterboard	0.5–1
6 mm fibre-cement sheet	1–4
10 mm cement particle board	1–3
Synthetic foils, various types	0.3–2